Design Principles: Task 1 / Exploration
7.2.2024 - 14.2.2024 （Week 1 - Week 2)
Ruthlene Chua Zhen Si 0365222
Bachelor of Design (Honours) in Creative Media - Design Principles GCD60804
Task 1: Exploration
Task Jump link
- Task 1
- Lecture
- Instructions
- Feedback
- Reflections
- Task 2
- Task 3
- Final Compilation
LECTURE
Intro_ Elements & Principles of Design
Figure 1.0
https://ux360.design/elements-of-design/
- Point
- A dot, the simplest element of design.
- Used as repetitive mark forms a line.
- Point travels across space, creating more two- and three-dimensional structures.
- Line
- Can be active/ static/ aggressive or passive/ sensual or mechanical.
- Used to indicate direction, define boundaries of shapes and spaces, suggest motion or. emotion
- Can be grouped to depict qualitied of light and shadow and to form patterns and textures.
- Shapes
- Expand inside a two-dimensional area's outline or inside a three-dimensional item.
- Becomes obvious when a single or group of lines encloses a space, OR when an apparent shift in color, texture, or value distinguishes a space from its surrounds.
- Two general category of shapes- geometric & organic
- Geometric-circles, squares, triangles, etc - tend to be precise and regular
- Form
- Two-dimensional area referred as a shape, Three-dimensional area is called a form
- Volume: The space which form encloses space
- Form usually refers to the major element in sculpture and architecture
- Texture
- It refers to the tactile qualities of surfaces or to the visual representation of those qualities in visual communication design.
- All surface have texture that can be experienced by touching or through visual.
- Two categories of texture
- Actual (experienced by touch)
- Simulated or implied(created to look like the real texture)
- Space
- Space is an expansive container that often seems empty but can be visually represented in various mediums.
- In pictures, space is defined by the edges, giving them two-dimensional dimensions.
- Despite being two-dimensional, pictures can imply multiple spatial qualities within their boundaries.
- Our perception of three-dimensional space is influenced by our positioning relative to objects and voids.
- Externally, we perceive mass, while internally, we perceive volume.
- In graphic design, space or depth refers to the area occupied by shapes, categorized as positive or negative.
- Depth is created through techniques like overlapping images, varying size, placement, and perspective, giving the illusion of three-dimensional space.
- Color
- Color is the result of light spectrum interactions, perceived through hue, value, and intensity.
- Hue represents colors like yellow and green on the spectrum.
- Value indicates the lightness or darkness of a color, influenced by black and white pigments.
- Intensity, or saturation, refers to the purity of a hue.
- Adding white creates tints, grey creates tones, and black creates shades of a hue.
- Color schemes, like monochromatic and complementary, create harmonies based on color relationships on the wheel.
- Monochromatic schemes use variations of one hue, while complementary schemes contrast hues opposite each other on the wheel.
What is Contrast ?
TASK 1 : EXPLORATION - WEEK 1 ( 6.2.2024 )
FEEDBACK
REFLECTIONS
- It is the combination of different components/elements by providing implications, highlight a point, and provide visual appeal. Therefore, we can avoid facing boring/ not interesting visual experience.
Gestalt Theory
- Human are born with good intuition to understand every single patterns, logic and structure.
- "Gestalt" refers to "shape"/ "form" in German
- Gestalt principles/ rules : Describe how we perceives visual elements
- To show complex scenes which can be reduced to more simple shapes
- To clarify how the eyes perceive forms as a unified, whole entity instead of the individual, simpler components involved.
Principle of similarity
Figure 1.1
https://studiousguy.com/real-life-examples-gestalt-principles/
- Human eye perceive similar elements in a design as a complete picture, shapes, or group, EVEN if those elements are separated.
- Brain could craft a link between elements of a similar nature
Principle of Continuation
Figure1.2
https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2016/05/improve-your-designs-with-the-principles-of-continuation-and-common-fate-part-three/
- Our eyes are skilled at following an artwork's paths, lines, curves and prefer to view a continuous pattern of visual elements over isolated things.
Principle of Closure
Figure1.3
https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/topics/the-law-of-closure
- User prefers to see complete shapes although the visual elements are not complete. User can complete shape by filling in missing visual information automatically.
Principle of proximity
Figure1.4
https://www.evalacademy.com/articles/six-hacks-for-renovating-your-evaluation-report-part-3-practice-proximity
- Making sure that similar design components are positioned together. It is best to arrange unrelated stuff separately. Good organization or structure in a layout is helped by the close proximity of things, which suggests that they are related to one another or have a common link.
Principle of figure/ground
Figure1.5
https://medium.com/@belindakoech01/figure-ground-1e9bea23a4c6
- Through nature, objects are seen as existing in the background or in the foreground. They may blend into the background (the ground) or stand out sharply in the front (the person).
Law of symmetry & order
Figure1.6
https://changingminds.org/explanations/perception/gestalt/symmetry.htm
- Based to this law, identical pieces have a potential to be viewed as a single, harmonious group. This rule implies that items that are similar with each other will be grouped together more frequently than those that are not, much like the law of similarity.
Lecture 2_Balance & Emphasis
Balance
Figure:1.7
https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/emphasis-setting-up-the-focal-point-of-your-design
- Balance in design refers to the distribution of visual weight, achieving visual equilibrium.
- Symmetrical balance involves equal weight on both sides of a central fulcrum, creating bilateral or radial balance.
- Asymmetrical balance involves unequal visual weight, often with one dominant element countered by smaller focal points on the other side.
- Asymmetrical balance is more dynamic, modern, and energetic compared to symmetrical balance, offering greater visual variety but requiring more complex relationships between elements.
Figure: 1.8
https://www.elegantthemes.com/blog/design/the-golden-ratio-the-ultimate-guide-to-understanding-and-using-it
- The Golden Ratio, also known as phi, is a mathematical concept derived from the Fibonacci sequence, appearing as 1.618033...
- It's found throughout nature, from the arrangement of leaves on trees to the shape of seashells.
- Golden Ratio has been associated with perfect beauty and is perceived as a natural occurrence.
Figure:1.9
https://www.oldtowngallerybangkok.com/news/a-bit-of-history-about-the-golden-ratio-and-rule-of-thirds
- It has been utilized for centuries in architecture and paintings to achieve visual balance.
- In design, illustration, and digital art, the Golden Ratio can bring harmony, balance, and structure to creations, enhancing their appeal.
Figure: 2.0
https://www.rangefinderonline.com/news-features/tips-techniques/photography-rule-of-thirds/
- It is a composition guideline used in design, photography, film, and painting.
- It divides an image into thirds both horizontally and vertically, creating nine equal parts.
- The subject is typically placed at or near the intersections of these dividing lines, or along the lines themselves.
Figure:2.1
https://patternanddesign.com/simple-guide-to-the-principles-of-design/
- It is employed to establish dominance and focus within a design.
- It utilizes various elements like color, shapes, or value to achieve dominance and draw attention to specific aspects of the design.
Repetition Pattern & rhythm
Figure: 2.2
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/701506079454209243/
- Repetition in design can infuse a sense of activity.
- It creates rhythm and pattern by repeating design elements throughout the work.
- Variety is crucial to maintain excitement and prevent monotony in rhythms, involving changes or differences in elements like angles, exposure, and composition.
- Pattern enhances visual interest by enriching surface details and adding to the overall excitement of the design.
Figure: 2.3
https://www.trentsizemore.com/2013/01/19/principle-of-design-movement/
- Movement in design refers to how the eye is guided in, around, and through a composition, dictating the path of visual exploration.
- It can also convey a sense of motion or activity within the visual image itself.
- Movement is achieved through the use of shapes, forms, lines, and curves that create dynamic visual flows within the composition.
Figure: 2.4
https://visme.co/blog/visual-hierarchy/
- Arrangement of content in a composition to convey information effectively.
- Directs viewers' attention to the most important information and guides them through secondary content.
- Visual hierarchy plays a crucial role in communicating meaning and facilitating navigation within the composition.
Figure: 2.5
https://254-online.com/alignment-principle-design/
- Alignment involves positioning elements so that their edges or bodies line up along common rows, columns, or a central axis.
- It fosters unity, cohesion, and perceived stability in the design's aesthetic.
- Alignment serves as a powerful tool for guiding the viewer's eye through the design, enhancing clarity and organization.
Harmony
Figure: 2.6
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-rhythm-and-harmony-on-the-basis-of-designing
- Harmony in design entails selecting elements that share a common trait, such as theme, style, or mood.
- However, harmony can become monotonous without variety, which introduces changes or differences in elements to prevent boredom.
- Variety can include alterations in angles, exposure, composition, and more.
- Achieving harmony ensures that all design elements complement each other, contributing to a unified and cohesive overall aesthetic.
Figure: 2.7
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/85216617944376172/
- Unity in design involves repeating specific elements like color, shapes, or materials throughout the composition to create cohesion.
- It occurs when these elements are balanced and arranged to convey a sense of oneness, establishing a theme.
- While unity and harmony may seem similar, they serve distinct roles in design, with unity focusing on repetition and cohesion, while harmony emphasizes the overall fit and coherence of elements within a design.
Figure 2.8
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/724657396316948213/
- Scale refers to the size and dimension of figures and forms relative to a specific unit of measure.
- It can be determined through actual measurement or visual estimates based on comparison.
- Architectural drawings and scale models demonstrate the applied use of scale.
- Scale is utilized to specify or illustrate details based on the relative size of objects.
- Deviations from normal scale relationships can result in dramatic effects and visual interest within a design or composition.
Figure: 2.9
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/342273640444823242/
- Proportion in art and design involves the relationship between elements in a composition, considering factors like size, color, quantity, and setting.
- It is often expressed as a ratio, indicating how elements compare to one another.
- Proportion is considered harmonious when a correct relationship exists between elements in terms of size or quantity.
- Effective use of proportion in design typically leads to harmony and unity within the composition.
Symbol
- A symbol is a sign, shape, or object used to represent something else.
- In design, symbols can convey information equivalent to tones or sentences of text, or even entire stories.
Pictorial symbols
Figure: 3.0
https://www.behance.net/gallery/33849792/Pictorial-Symbols-
- Image related and simplified pictures
Abstract symbols
Figure: 3.1
https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/abstract-symbols-chalk-icons-set-vector-28415442
- Abstract symbols can look like the object that they represent but have less details.
Arbitrary symbols
Figure: 3.2
https://htmlburger.com/blog/ui-icons-types-examples/
- Arbitrary symbols lack resemblance to represented objects or ideas.
- They are invented, often based on geometric shapes and colors.
- Learning these symbols requires explicit instruction or memorization.
Figure: 3.3
https://wordart.com/
- Imagery plays a crucial role in design, enhancing user engagement and brand connection.
- Selecting suitable and relevant images is essential for effective design.
- Pairing imagery with the right words deepens the design's meaning and impact.
- Typography, the arrangement of text, contributes to visual hierarchy and balance in design, conveying messages effectively.
INSTRUCTIONS
<iframe src="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OvYb0ahuBwfOtGyuAFT-Fo6r1sWrHFu3/preview" width="640" height="480" allow="autoplay"></iframe>
TASK 1 : EXPLORATION - WEEK 1 ( 6.2.2024 )
Task description
Select one UN Sustainable Development Goal and provide a brief description of it (UNSPC). Decide on an already-existing piece of art or design that centers on a particular objective. Describe the design's relationship to the UNSDG objective and enumerate the design principles ones saw in action.
Picked Goal:
Goal 13 Climate Action-Make the entire world aware of the causes of climate change as well as the need for swift action to minimize its effects.
Figure: 3.4
Figure:3.5
Whimsical And Dreamlike Photo Manipulations By Boby Atmajaya 2021
Digital Photography and Editing Art
I chose this piece of art because it perfectly conveys the spirit of UNSDG Goal 13, emphasizing the pressing need for climate action to maintain the Arctic environment and save species like the polar bear from extinction. The polar bear, whose habitat was endangered by the effects of climate change, is visible standing on a sheet of ice. When the bear looks at its reflection in the water, it starkly reminded of the vulnerability energies. The polar bear's subsequent results, which are impacted by climatic change, are reflected in the bones. The goal requests for group actions to lessen the effects of climate change and uses the polar bear's predicament to raise awareness.
I noticed that Emphasis, Balance, Gestalt theory (Principle of figure and ground) three different design ideas, are applied in this piece of art.
FEEDBACK
Week 1-Examine Task 1, get feedbacks make better improvement
Specific Feedback: There is one more design principles that hidden inside the photo, it was under the gestalt theory, look closer to discover more from the picture.
General Feedback: I should have deeper understanding of all the design principles in order to easily name out all the principles and observe artists artwork to come out with a greater artwork.
Week 2-absent with permission
Specific Feedback: -
General Feedback: -
Week 3-absent with permission (travel study at Osaka)
Specific Feedback: -
General Feedback: -
REFLECTIONS
The lecture on Elements & Principles of Design provided essential insights into the foundational concepts of visual communication. It covered elements like point, line, shape, and principles such as contrast and balance. Applying this knowledge to Task 1: Exploration, I analyzed a photo and found out that the artwork effectively conveyed the urgency of climate action. The boost for this artwork is that the artist uses design principles like emphasis, balance, and elements of Gestalt theory. Thus it can be seen that have a solid knowledge provide a push on ones artwork and design. This experience underscored the importance of understanding design principles for effective analysis. Moving forward, I aim to deepen my skills in visual analysis to create more impactful artworks aligned with social issues.
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